ISBN 0-914743-02-3
ISBN 0-914743-02-3
234 pages, 83129 words, lots of graphics
Common Law Copyright April 1992. All rights reserved.
Copy privileges are a function of the format purchased.
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The data structures and methodology described will evenutally be implemented here as a service to facilitate company, national and international product development and manufacture.
DISTRIBUTED BY:
Bill Holmes Consulting
44321 12th Street East
Lancaster, California 93535
661-305-9465 cell
wtholmes.com,
email
form
1. Introduction 1
2. Environment 2
2.1. Old Paradigm 2
2.1.1. Specialize 2
2.1.2. Re-Organize 2
2.1.3. Compartmentalize 3
2.1.4. Computerize the Compartments 3
2.1.5. Sacrifice Product Quality and Cost 4
2.2. New Paradigm 4
2.2.1. Trends in Politics 4
2.2.2. Trends in Business 5
2.2.3. Economy of Scale 6
2.2.4. Price 7
2.3. New Business Drivers 7
2.3.1. Willoughby Templates 9
2.3.1.1. Design Requirements 10
2.3.1.2. Trade Studies 10
2.3.1.3. Design Policy 10
2.3.1.4. Design Process 10
2.3.1.5. Design Analysis 11
2.3.1.6. Parts and Materials Selection 11
2.3.1.7. Software Design 12
2.3.1.8. Computer-Aided Design 12
2.3.1.9. Design for Testing 13
2.3.1.10. Built-In Test 13
2.3.1.11. Configuration Control 13
2.3.2. Design Review 14
2.3.2.1. Design Release 14
2.3.2.2. Logistics 15
2.3.2.3. Technical Manuals 15
2.3.3. CALS 15
2.3.3.1. Scope 16
2.3.3.2. Objectives 16
2.3.3.3. Core Requirements 16
2.3.3.3.1. Phase 1 16
2.3.3.3.2. Phase 2 16
2.3.4. Concurrent Engineering 17
2.3.5. Total Quality Management 17
2.3.6. New Business Drivers Summary 17
3. Basic Relationships 19
4. Generic Process 23
4.1. Plan and Manage Engineering 24
4.2. Define Product Requirement 25
4.3. Specify Product 25
4.4. Design Systems and Derive Components 26
4.5. Verify Systems and Components 26
4.6. Package 27
4.7. Define Assemblies 27
4.8. Validate Assemblies 28
4.9. Plan and Manage Manufacturing 28
4.10. Define Manufacturing Process 28
4.11. Define Manufacturing Tools 28
4.12. Fabricate or Purchase Components 29
4.13. Inspect Components 29
4.14. Assemble Components and Assemblies 29
4.15. Test Assemblies 29
4.16. Plan and Manage Support 30
4.17. Define Support Process 30
4.18. Define Support Tools 30
4.19. Support Product 30
4.20. Process Implementations 31
4.21. Process Interruptions 33
4.22. Process Iterations 33
4.23. Information Hiding 34
4.24. The Goal 34
5. Information Integration 36
5.1. Management View 37
5.2. Customer View 45
5.3. Engineering View 46
5.3.1. Part Attributes (SBS) 50
5.3.2. Part Instance Attributes (SBS) 51
5.4. System and Manufacturing View 51
5.5 Manufacturing View 55
5.5.1. Part Identification 56
5.5.2. Part Attribute 57
5.5.3. Part Instance Attributes (ABS) 58
5.6. Support View 58
5.7. Data Amount and Fidelity 59
5.8. Derivative 60
5.9. Tool Used 61
5.10. Physical Location 62
5.11. Data Navigation 62
5.12. Configuration Management 63
6. Resources 64
6.1. Computing Resources 64
6.2. Tool Resources 64
6.3. Human Resources 65
6.4. Machine Resources 65
6.5. Facility Resources 65
6.6. Resource Correlation 65
6.7. Resource Evolution 66
6.8. Resource Value 66
6.8.1. Authoritarian Approach 66
6.8.2. Libertarian (Free Market) Approach 67
6.9. Computing Resources 69
6.9.1. Requirements 69
6.9.2. Architecture 70
6.9.3. Communications 70
6.9.3.1. Interaction Methods 72
6.9.3.1.1. Master/Slave 72
6.9.3.1.2. Client/Server 72
6.9.3.1.3. Peer-To-Peer 72
6.9.4. Network 73
6.9.4.1. Standards 73
6.9.4.1.1. Physical 74
6.9.4.1.2. Datalink 74
6.9.4.1.3. Network 75
6.9.4.1.4. Transport 75
6.9.4.1.5. Session 75
6.9.4.1.6. Presentation 75
6.9.4.1.7. Application 75
6.9.4.2. Hierarchy 75
6.9.4.2.1. Wide Area 76
6.9.4.2.2. Value Added 76
6.9.4.2.3. Regional 76
6.9.4.2.4. Local Area Network 76
6.9.4.2.4.1. Bridges, Gateways and Routers 77
6.9.4.2.4.2. Broadband, Baseband and Fiberoptic 78
6.9.4.2.4.3. AppleTalk LAN 79
6.9.4.2.4.3.1. Applicability 80
6.9.4.2.4.3.2. Functionality 80
6.9.4.2.4.3.3. Hardware Options 80
6.9.4.3. Cell 81
6.9.4.4. Node 82
6.9.4.5. Network Management 82
6.9.4.6. Unix Communication Services 83
6.9.4.6.1. Protocols 83
6.9.4.6.2. Services 84
6.9.4.6.3. Data Links 84
6.9.4.6.4. Programming 85
6.9.4.6.5. Callable System Routines 85
6.9.4.6.6. Network Management 85
6.9.4.6.7. Naming 85
6.9.5. Computers 86
6.9.5.1. Personal 87
6.9.5.2. Departmental 88
6.9.5.3. Enterprise 89
6.9.5.4. Operating System 90
6.9.5.4.1. Recovery 91
6.9.5.5. Utilities 91
6.9.5.5.1. Archive 91
6.9.5.5.2. Optimization 91
6.9.5.5.3. Repair 91
6.9.5.5.4. Backup 92
6.9.5.6. Security 92
6.9.5.6.1. Unclassified 92
6.9.5.6.2. Classified 93
6.9.5.6.3. Secret 94
6.9.5.6.7. Display Services 94
6.9.5.6.8. File Management 96
6.9.5.6.9. Data Management 97
6.9.6. Object-Oriented Data Management 99
6.9.6.1. Modeling Power 101
6.9.6.1.1 An-Instance-Of 102
6.9.6.1.2 A-Kind-Of 103
6.9.6.1.3 A-Part-Of 104
6.9.6.3. Design Evolution 105
6.9.6.3.1. Versions 105
6.9.6.3.2. Alternatives 107
6.9.6.4. Type Evolution 107
6.9.6.5. Partial Consistency 108
6.9.6.6. Performance 108
6.9.6.7. Object-Oriented 111
6.9.6.7.1. Graphics 111
6.9.6.7.2. High Level Hierarchical Image Composition 112
6.9.6.7.3. Integration of Vector and Raster Graphics 113
6.9.6.7.4. Libraries of Pre-Defined Types 114
6.9.7. Data Dictionary 115
6.9.8. Data Directory 116
6.9.9. Machines 117
6.9.10. Tools 117
6.9.10.1. Tool Integration 117
6.9.10.2. Tool Interfacing 119
6.9.10.2.1. File Transfer 119
6.9.10.2.1.1. Reformatting Utility 120
6.9.10.2.1.2. Neutral Format 120
6.9.10.2.2. Data Transfer 120
6.9.10.2.2.1. Cut-And-Paste 121
6.9.10.2.2.2. Live Links 121
6.9.10.2.2.3. Common Database Access Method 121
6.9.10.2.2.4. Data Format Standard 122
6.9.10.2.2.5. Common Database Management System 123
6.9.10.3. Tool Integration Approaches 123
6.9.10.3.1. Application Programming Interface (API) 123
6.9.10.3.2. Frameworks 126
6.9.10.3.2.1. Encapsulation 128
6.9.10.3.2.2. Exits 129
6.9.10.3.2.3. Full Integration 129
6.9.10.3.2.4. Advantages 131
6.9.10.3.2.5. Applied to Data Transfer To/From Subcontractors 131
6.9.10.3.2.6. Framework 132
6.9.10.3.2.6.1. Framework Buyer Dilemma 132
6.9.10.3.2.6.2. Framework Tool Developer Dilemma 134
6.9.10.3.2.7. Tool Decomposition 135
6.9.11. Programming Languages 136
6.9.11.1. Graphics Programming 136
6.9.11.2. Object-Oriented Programming 137
6.9.11.2.1. Evolution of Object-Oriented Programming Languages
139
6.9.11.2.1.1. C++ 140
6.9.11.2.1.2. Object C 140
6.9.11.2.1.3. Smalltalk-80 140
6.9.11.2.1.4. Trellis/Owl 140
6.9.11.2.1.5. EIFFEL 141
6.9.11.2.1.6. FLAVORS and CLOS 141
6.9.11.2.1.7. ADA 141
6.10. Tool Resource 142
6.10.1. Hand Tools 146
6.10.2. Machine Tools 147
6.10.3. Fixtures 148
6.10.4. Software 148
6.10.4.1. Acquisition 148
6.10.4.2. Development 149
6.10.4.3. Data Management 150
6.10.4.4. Migration Aids 150
6.10.4.5. Class Definition 150
6.10.4.6. Mathematical 150
6.10.4.7. General Use 151
6.10.4.7.1. Word Processor 151
6.10.4.7.2. Presentation Graphics 151
6.10.4.7.3. Spreadsheet 151
6.10.4.7.4. Electronic Mail 151
6.10.4.7.5. Voice Mail 152
6.10.4.7.6. Desk Management 152
6.10.4.7.7. Project Management 152
6.10.4.7.8. Custom Data Management and Decision Support 152
6.10.4.7.9. Graphic Feedback 153
6.10.4.7.10. Process Manager 153
6.10.4.7.10.18. Process Manager 157
6.10.4.7.11. Work Broker 158
6.10.4.7.12. Product Data Manager 160
6.10.4.7.12.1. Change Control 160
6.10.4.7.12.2. Configuration Management 161
6.10.4.7.13. Graphical Browser 163
6.10.4.7.14. Resource Manager 164
6.10.4.8. Special Purpose 164
6.10.4.8.1. Requirements Definition/Allocation 165
6.10.4.8.2. Materials Selection 165
6.10.4.8.3. Part Selection 167
6.10.4.8.4. Software Design, Validation and Manufacturing Tools
169
6.10.4.8.5. Electrical and Electronic Design, Validation and
Manufacturing Tools 169
6.10.4.8.6. Structural and Mechanical Design, Validation and
Manufacturing Tools 171
6.10.4.8.6.1. Master Dimensions 171
6.10.4.8.6.2. Parametric Design Tool 172
6.10.4.8.6.3. Solid Modeling Tool 173
6.10.4.8.6.3.1. Modeler Types 173
6.10.4.8.6.3.2. Construction, Representation and Display 175
6.10.4.8.6.3.2.1. Construction 176
6.10.4.8.6.3.2.2. Representation 176
6.10.4.8.6.3.2.3. Display 180
6.10.4.8.6.3.2.4. Three Representations Are Required 180
6.10.4.8.6.3.3. Features, Parts, Assemblies and Their Attributes
180
6.10.4.8.6.3.3.1. Fabrication Features 181
6.10.4.8.6.3.3.2. Assembly Features 184
6.10.4.8.6.3.4. Feature Design Versus Feature Recognition 184
6.10.4.8.6.3.5. Standard Tools Interface for Solid Modelers 185
6.10.4.8.6.4. Assembly Tool 186
6.10.4.8.6.5. Composites Design Tool 189
6.10.4.8.6.6. Flat Pattern Design Tool 189
6.10.4.8.6.7. Arrangement Tool 189
6.10.4.8.6.8. Automatic Interference Checking Tool 191
6.10.4.8.6.9. Tolerance Analysis Tool 191
6.10.4.8.6.10. Tolerance Reality Check Tool 191
6.10.4.8.6.11. Assembly Simulation 192
6.10.4.8.6.12. Design Validation 192
6.10.4.8.6.12.1 Design Rules Checking Tool 194
6.10.4.8.6.12.2. Validation Selection Tool 196
6.10.4.8.6.12.3. Mass (Volume) Properties Analysis Tool 197
6.10.4.8.6.12.4. Mesh Generation Tool 197
6.10.4.8.6.12.5. Static and Dynamic Structural Validation Tool
197
6.10.4.8.6.12.6. Mechanics Validation Tool 197
6.10.4.8.6.12.7. Thermodynamics Validation Tool 198
6.10.4.8.6.12.8. Aerodynamics Validation Tool 198
6.10.4.8.6.12.9. Stability Validation Tool 199
6.10.4.8.6.12.10. Signature Validation Tool 199
6.10.4.8.6.12.11. Reliability Validation Tool 199
6.10.4.8.6.12.12. Producibility 200
6.10.4.8.6.12.13. Maintainability 200
6.10.4.8.6.13. Design Documentation Tool 201
6.10.4.8.6.14. Manufacturing Preparation Tools 202
6.10.4.8.6.14.1. Manufacturing Process Planning Tools 202
6.10.4.8.6.14.1.1. Variant Process Planning Tool 202
6.10.4.8.6.14.1.2. Generative Process Planning Tool 202
6.10.4.8.6.14.1.3. Parts Nesting Tool 205
6.10.4.8.6.14.2. Manufacturing Tool Design Tools 205
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.1. Tool Design Tool 205
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.2. Generative Tool Design Tool 206
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.3. Fixture Design Tool 206
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.4. Generative Fixture Design Tool 206
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.5. Mold Design Tool 207
6.10.4.8.6.14.2.6. Generative Mold Design Tool 207
6.10.4.8.6.14.3. Machine Programming Tools 207
6.10.4.8.6.14.3.1. Machine Programming Tool 207
6.10.4.8.6.14.3.2. Machine Program Verification 209
6.10.4.8.6.14.3.3. Generative Machine Control 209
6.11. Human Resources 211
6.11.1. Manage Less 211
6.11.2. Un-Organize 213
6.11.3. Toss the Time Clock 215
6.11.4. Flatten and Divide 215
6.11.5. Reallocate 215
6.11.6. Privatize 216
6.11.7. Communicate 218
6.11.8. Disperse 218
6.11.9. Start 219
6.11.10. Change 219
6.12. Machine Resources 220
6.13. Facility Resources 222
6.13.1. Air Conditioning 222
6.13.2. Lighting 222
6.13.3. Protection 222
6.13.4. Space 222
6.13.5. Stability 223
6.13.6. Supplies 223
6.13.7. Waste 223
7. INDEX 224
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 231
9. ABOUT THE AUTHOR 232